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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">this 指向问题</h1>
        

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        <h3 id="具体执行谁取决于函数的调用方式"><a href="#具体执行谁取决于函数的调用方式" class="headerlink" title="具体执行谁取决于函数的调用方式"></a>具体执行谁取决于函数的调用方式</h3><ul>
<li>普通函数调用是 window， 严格模式下是 undefined<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//window</span></div><div class="line">    &#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<ul>
<li><p>构造函数的实例对象调用是 实例对象， 原型方法中 this 也是实例对象</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">      <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> person() <span class="comment">//person 的实例对象</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>对象方法调用 该方法所属对象 紧挨着的对象</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">     <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)</div><div class="line">   &#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">     foo: <span class="string">'bar'</span>,</div><div class="line">     fn: Person</div><div class="line">    &#125;</div><div class="line">obj.fn() <span class="comment">//obj</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">Person.prototype.text=<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">   <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">Person.prototype.text() <span class="comment">//Person.prototype 对象、</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> instance=<span class="keyword">new</span> Person()</div><div class="line">instance.test() <span class="comment">// instance</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>事件绑定 绑定事件的对象</p>
<ul>
<li>这里吧person作为 btn.click 的事件处理函数</li>
<li>事件处理函数不是用户调用的，而是系统来调用</li>
<li>事件处理函数内部的 this 指向DOM对象<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">person</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">   <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'btn'</span>).onclick=person</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>定时器 window</p>
<ul>
<li>这里是将 Person 作为定时器的处理函数</li>
<li>当事件到达，系统会帮你调用Person</li>
<li>事件处理函数内部的this指向window<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">     <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//window</span></div><div class="line">   &#125;</div><div class="line">setTimeout(Person, <span class="number">1000</span>)</div><div class="line">setInterval(Person,<span class="number">1000</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="函数内this指向不受外部环境影响"><a href="#函数内this指向不受外部环境影响" class="headerlink" title="函数内this指向不受外部环境影响"></a>函数内this指向不受外部环境影响</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">    foo:<span class="string">'bar'</span>,</div><div class="line">    fn:Person</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">fn</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 函数内部的 this 指向是不受外部作用域环境影响的</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//window</span></div><div class="line">    Person() <span class="comment">//window</span></div><div class="line">    obj.fn() <span class="comment">//obj</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="built_in">document</span>.getElementById(<span class="string">'btn'</span>).onclick=Person <span class="comment">//DOM对象</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="数组遍历内的this指向问题"><a href="#数组遍历内的this指向问题" class="headerlink" title="数组遍历内的this指向问题"></a>数组遍历内的this指向问题</h3><ul>
<li>对于数组的一些遍历方法：<ul>
<li>例如 forEach、map、filter、some 等，内部的 this 都指向 window</li>
<li>无论这个代码的执行处于什么环境都是 window，也不受外部影<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> arr=[<span class="number">10</span>,<span class="number">20</span>,<span class="number">30</span>]</div><div class="line">arr.map(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//window  </span></div><div class="line">&#125;)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">以foreach为例 自己封装一下 以便理解过程</div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">Array</span>.prototype.myEach = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">fn</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">     <span class="comment">// var fn = function (item, index) &#123;&#125;</span></div><div class="line">     <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="keyword">this</span>.length; i++) &#123;</div><div class="line">       fn(<span class="keyword">this</span>[i], i) <span class="comment">//由此可知次函数 this 是window</span></div><div class="line">     &#125;</div><div class="line">   &#125;</div><div class="line">   arr.myEach(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">       <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">// window</span></div><div class="line">   &#125;)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="call方法内的this指向"><a href="#call方法内的this指向" class="headerlink" title="call方法内的this指向"></a>call方法内的this指向</h3><ul>
<li>函数的call方法可以实现改变this指向 然后调用该函数<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">fn</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">   <span class="comment">//当fn.call时 则内部的this=fn.call方法</span></div><div class="line">   <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>)   </div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;</div><div class="line">    foo:<span class="string">'bar'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">fn.call(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//fn</span></div><div class="line">fn.call(obj) <span class="comment">//函数借用 obj</span></div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</div><div class="line">    fn.call(<span class="keyword">this</span>) <span class="comment">//相当于把fn中的函数借用过来</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line">Person() <span class="comment">//window</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> Person <span class="comment">// 实例对象</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="call方法应用举例"><a href="#call方法应用举例" class="headerlink" title="call方法应用举例"></a>call方法应用举例</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&lt;script&gt;</div><div class="line">   <span class="keyword">var</span> animals = [</div><div class="line">     &#123; <span class="attr">species</span>: <span class="string">'Lion'</span>, <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'King'</span> &#125;,</div><div class="line">     &#123; <span class="attr">species</span>: <span class="string">'Whale'</span>, <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">'Fail'</span> &#125;</div><div class="line">   ];</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">   <span class="keyword">var</span> handle = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">i</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">     <span class="comment">// this = animals[i]</span></div><div class="line">     <span class="keyword">this</span>.print = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">       <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'#'</span> + i + <span class="string">' '</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.species + <span class="string">': '</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.name);</div><div class="line">     &#125;</div><div class="line">   &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">   <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">var</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; animals.length; i++) &#123;</div><div class="line">     ;(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">i</span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">       <span class="keyword">this</span>.print = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</div><div class="line">         <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">'#'</span> + i + <span class="string">' '</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.species + <span class="string">': '</span> + <span class="keyword">this</span>.name);</div><div class="line">       &#125;</div><div class="line">     &#125;).call(animals[i], i)</div><div class="line">   &#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">   <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(i)</div><div class="line"> &lt;<span class="regexp">/script&gt;</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

      
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